炒股方略(4) (2007/12/7)
美國公布救樓市計劃,美股再大幅反彈,道指再大升174點,升幅1.3%,升到13619點的水平,又向著14000點的高位進發。
美國政府的計劃提供三個選擇予做了按揭的業主,包括凍結利息,重做新的按揭,以及借取聯邦房屋局支持的貸款,估計最多可以有120萬美國業主受惠。政府的計劃出來後,美國市場憧憬能解決次按危機,所以股市急升。
上一日美股急升190點後,港股跟得好少,只升200幾點,仲見到有啲人見高減貨,但美股再急升,應該可以推港股上一個台階。
再談投資組合問題,網友Elle寫了好長的問題,問如何設立投資組合,她的留言如下:
「Dear Luk Sir,
May I get some help from you?
I have been trying to work out what should be my portfoio in terms of asset class and geographical allocation for 2008. Over the last 10 years, I have been really conservative in building my portfoio. You know, by controlling expenses and expending income.. have been doing alright with it... until this year... when there is an inflation buildng up and looks like we just entered into an era of inflationary economy globally. As such, I could not sit at the fence as I used to be.. and here I am.. picking your brain....
My overall target is to have a steady growth of 10% for the next 10-20 years, so that my wealth could double in 7-8years' time (excluding saving from regular income) and double in 15-18 years 'time from now.
Risk appetite.. about 5-8% loss is acceptable threotically for a growth of 10%.. technically.. worst comes to worst, I suppose I am contented to earn as much as I could make out of the bank... and of course, capital protection is big in my mind...
My existing portfolio is not fancy at all and here they are:
1) securities: 16%
2) properties: 10% ( I am lucky as rental>mortgage)
3) Bond: 4%
4) cash: 68% ( of which 20% is in USD and 8% in SGD.. I am in deep sh*t I know..)
Briefly counted, I could contribute about 15% saving every year from steady regular income.
If you were me, how would you allocate your resources to achieve the required growth?
Asset class candidates:
1) bond & Euro, Europe securities ( low risk. 3-5%)
2) NZD, RMB,
3) HSI ( include stocks), Malaysia, Indonesia, Korea and Taiwan ETFs.
(10-15%)
4)
A50, Emerging Europe, Africa, Vietnam, Natural Resource, South America.. high risk ( 20-35%pa)
5)HK, Vietnam, Singapore and Taiwan properties ( highly leverage, but HK has been up so much, upside could be limited and i.e. high risk.. Again.. you never know.. upside ( but so as the downside) could be more than 40% with the leverage.. but not as liquid as securities and very high maintenance cost (in terms of time, adminstration and
money)
Sorry that I have written so much. I have been thinking about this for the last 2-3 weeks but comes to no conclusions. As I am a new comer... your valuable opinions will be definitely a big help...
Thank you for your valuable advice in advance..
Cheers,
Elle」
(簡單意譯如下:Elle過去投資比較保守,有68%是現金,16%是股票,10%是物業,4%是債券,她想重建投資組合,希望有穩定的10%年回報,讓她在7至8年可以把投資翻倍,她的風險胃納偏低,只接受到約5至8%的損失,她問可以如何建立投資組合,她問到股票、債券、物業等不同資產類別,亦問到不同地區的市場)
陸羽仁經常講,建立投資組合,首要問的問題是你可以接受多少風險,然後才問你期望多少回報,定好目標,才決定如何投資,所以Elle的思考方式十分正確。
倒過來說,很多人買股不問風險,亦唔知自己想有幾多回報,只想買股票贏大錢,咁買法就是完全賭運氣,踫巧他入市的時機好,都可以贏大錢,正如買六合彩都有人贏大錢一樣,問題是你有無咁好彩可以長贏而矣。
睇完Elle過住的投資,有兩個感覺。第一,她是保守型,很怕風險,但保守不是壞事,她可能已跑贏另一半爛賭又唔識賭的炒股者,因為另一半人本金都保唔到,經常輸錢。大陸有個統計,咁大的牛市,仍有七成散戶輸錢,所以對這七成人來說,竟然是一句老話:「不賭是贏錢」,Elle已跑贏這些人。
第二,若從一個積極投資者的角度,Elle組合的好處亦是壞處,此組合過份保守,現金太多,近七成是現金,現金放在銀行,收取微末利息,正常利息只和通脹同步,即係話加埋通脹實質回報等如零,如果遇上現在這種負利率的年代,假設有1%負利率,組合每年就以1%實質減值。再加上港元跟美元貶值,如使用外匯的需要較多的人,如經常買外國貴貨、旅行、外出求學、外出投資等,資產實質貶值更多。
講到投資組合,今次先講資產類別問題。著名的投資人有一個觀察,以二、三十年的長線計,股票投資優於存款及債券,記著他們是在美國這種成熟型經濟,都是這樣,在增長型經濟(如大陸),這個情況將更清淅,簡單講在銀行存錢長線唔著數,銀行主要盈利就是從賺存款者息差而來。
我附加另一個觀察,對不善選股投資的人來說,在增長型經濟(是大陸而不是香港),買樓也是很不錯的投資,因為樓價長線受租金收益支持,租金收益長線和經濟增長同步,例如大陸未來10年能維持GDP年增長10%,其租金亦應同步增長,換言之樓價長線亦應同步上升,不過現實上樓價有時升過籠,有時升唔夠,偏離了價值線(租金收益增長),但長線仍是大體仍是沿價值線向上。
買樓有一個明顯的好處是有槓桿,我現在去廣州買一問珠江邊江景的1000呎單位,假設是140萬(5年前是70萬),出三成首期42萬,借98萬,租金回報若可以頂得住供樓開支,即係話我投入42萬之後,不用加錢去供,就可以控制一間時值140萬的樓,等佢升值,又假設樓價以年平均10%速度上升,第一年升了14萬元,以投資入本金33萬計,回報是33%而不是10%,所以在快速增長的經濟,以合理價格,買入地段優越未來供應極其有限的物業,買入不理升跌死揸10年以上,對笨笨地的投資者來說,可能是回報最高風險最低的投資。買樓有另一樣好處,是進出較困難,不易在跌市中手手痕痕就把優質貨在最平時沽掉,但買股進出容易,較受市場氣氛影響,好易在淡市清貨。
咁樣買股又好唔好得過買樓呢?
陸羽仁